Updike, Beatti, Rothke And Plath Essays - John Updike, Sylvia Plath

Updike, Beatti, Rothke And Plath 20th Century Attitude 20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing. The authors that I have chosen to look at are Updike, Beatti, Rothke and Plath. These authors and their works will each be evaluated by how they deal with the subjects love, death, loss and passing of time. The short story Separating by John Updike deals with the subject of love and I also believe it deals with the themes quest for identity and alienation and nausea . The story talks about how two parents are going through the process of telling their children that they are going to separate. This is important to them because they do love their children very much; they want to make the timing perfect so it is easier on the children. The father and mother seemed as though they needed to find out who they really were without their children. They did all things for the kids. They said that they loved one another but yet they didnt make each other happy. I think that they just werent sure what made them happy. Weekend a short story by Ann Beattie deals with the subject of loss of time and the same theme that Updikes story dealt with quest for identity .I chose the subject of time because at first they loved one another and had a good relationship and then time passed and they ended up in such a weird place in their relationship. George had control over Lenore in the way that she never knows that she can leave him and be okay. She stays with him because she does care for him but also because she has a place to put her children and herself to sleep. Wish for a Young Wife a poem by Theodore Rothke is one that goes into the subject of loss or the idea of loss. This is a man who is telling his wife that he hopes that even while he grows old he wishes that she were beautiful and young for eternity. H e wishes her to never endure grief or hate; these are the very things that make one old. He could be very much in love with his wife and by wishing this for her, so she never looses her beauty. Or, he could be wishing these things for his benefit so he never looses his beautiful young wife. Sylvia Plaths poem Lady Lazarus deals mainly with the subject of death. Im not sure completely but this could be humor in the horror , I know it is not a nightmare world but, pick the worms off of me like sticky pearls is some sort of gross humor. She discusses her 3 suicide attempts, comparing herself to a cat with 9 lives. She also includes a comparison of herself to a concentration camp victim. She states dying is an art I do it exceptionally well. Doctors are her enemy and she warns them to beware. Overall in most literature you can see a little of death, love, loss and a loss of time. These subject matters are used so frequently because those things are life. They are the things people feel strongly about. People relate and understand these topics. English Essays

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript The  dollar sign ($)  and the  underscore  (_) characters are JavaScript identifiers, which just means that they identify an object in the same way a name would.  The  objects they identify include things such as variables, functions, properties, events, and objects. For this reason, these characters are not treated  the same way as other special symbols. Instead, JavaScript treats  $  and  _  as if they were  letters of the alphabet. A JavaScript identifier  - again, just a name for any object  - must start with a lower or upper case letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also include digits (0-9).  Anywhere that an alphabetic character is allowed in JavaScript, 54 possible letters are available: any lowercase letter (a through z), any uppercase letter (A through Z), $ and _. The Dollar ($) Identifier The dollar sign is commonly used as a shortcut to the function document.getElementById(). Because this function is fairly verbose and used frequently in JavaScript, the $ has long been used as its alias, and  many of the libraries available for use with JavaScript create a  $()  function that references an element from the DOM if you pass it the id of that element. There is nothing about $ that requires it to be used this way, however. But it has been the convention, although there is nothing in the language to enforce it. The dollar sign $ was chosen for the function name by the first of these libraries because it is a short one-character word, and $  was least likely to be used by itself as a function name and therefore the least likely to clash with other code in the page. Now multiple libraries are providing their own version of the $() function, so many now provide the option to turn off that definition in order to avoid clashes.   Of course,  you dont need to use a library to be able to use $(). All you need to substitute $() for document.getElementById() is to add a definition of the $() function to your code as follows: function $(x) {return document.getElementById(x);} The Underscore _ Identifier   A convention has also developed regarding the use of _, which is frequently used to preface the name of an objects property or method that is private. This is a quick and easy way to immediately identify a private class member, and it is so widely used, that almost every programmer will recognize it. This is particularly useful in JavaScript since defining fields as private or public is done without the use of the  private and public keywords (at least this is true in the versions of JavaScript used in web browsers - JavaScript 2.0 does allow these keywords). Note that again, as with $, the use of _ is merely a convention and is not enforced by JavaScript itself. As far as JavaScript is concerned, $ and _ are just ordinary letters of the alphabet. Of course, this special treatment of $ and _  applies only within JavaScript itself. When you test for alphabetic characters in the data, they are treated as special characters no different from any of the other special characters.

20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free

20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free 20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free 20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free By Mark Nichol In the interests of trying to help prevent the smothering deaths of countless sentences, here’s a public-service announcement about how to avoid this senseless tragedy: If a noun phrase (verb plus preposition plus article plus noun, though variations are frequent) can be condensed by converting the noun to a verb and deleting the other words in the phrase, do it. It’s easy enough to write a sentence with a smothered verb I did it myself in a post last week (â€Å"The strategy has been a failure in reducing costs† is easily reduced to â€Å"The strategy failed to reduce costs.†) We’re likely to employ such sentence-stretching strategies in speech, but in writing, we have the opportunity to that is, we can make amends. Here are more examples: 1. See example above. 2. â€Å"The latter conclusion provides an example of the combination of risk factors at different levels.† â€Å"The latter conclusion exemplifies the combination of risk factors at different levels.† 3. â€Å"Call a stop to (or â€Å"put a stop to†) this nonsense.† â€Å"Stop this nonsense.† 4. â€Å"I’m glad they’ve come to an agreement.† â€Å"I’m glad they agree.† 5. â€Å"We’re here to conduct an investigation.† â€Å"We’re here to investigate.† 6. â€Å"They decided to conduct a review.† â€Å"They conducted a review.† (The original version is valid, however, if the review has not yet been conducted.) 7. â€Å"She conducted experiments into tearing the fabric of the space-time continuum.† â€Å"She experimented with tearing the fabric of the space-time continuum.† 8. â€Å"I’d like to extend an invitation for you to attend.† â€Å"I’d like to invite you to attend.† (Or, even more directly, â€Å"I invite you to attend.†) 9. â€Å"He didn’t give an indication of his plans.† â€Å"He didn’t indicate his plans.† 10. â€Å"They agreed to give consideration to his proposal.† â€Å"They considered his proposal.† 11. â€Å"I had a discussion with her about that very issue.† â€Å"I discussed that very issue with her.† 12. â€Å"We have a tendency to get carried away sometimes.† â€Å"We tend to get carried away sometimes.† (Or, even more directly, â€Å"We get carried away sometimes.†) 13. â€Å"Will the new policy have an effect on our procedures?† â€Å"Will the new policy affect our procedures?† 14. â€Å"They plan to hold a conference (or meeting) about the issue soon.† â€Å"They plan to confer (or meet) about the issue soon.† (Or â€Å"They will confer (or meet) about the issue soon,† though the meaning is slightly different.) 15. â€Å"The president is expected to make a statement about his opposition to the proposal later today.† â€Å"The president is expected to state his opposition to the proposal later today.† (The meaning is not identical, but the condensed sentence is valid.) 16. â€Å"I will make (or undertake) an examination of the premises immediately.† â€Å"I will examine the premises immediately.† 17. â€Å"The committee will perform an assessment of the situation.† â€Å"The committee will assess the situation.† 18. â€Å"We expect to realize a substantial savings.† â€Å"We expect to save substantially.† 19. â€Å"She stated with confidence that she will win by a landslide.† â€Å"She is confident that she will win by a landslide.† 20. â€Å"Are you interested in submitting an application?† â€Å"Are you interested in applying?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsWhenever vs. When EverOppose and Opposed To

Effective Employee Communication (in perspective of Employee to Essay

Effective Employee Communication (in perspective of Employee to Employee) - Essay Example In organisations, communication plays a key role in the efficiency, effectiveness and ultimately the overall performance of the organisation. Communication in an organisation mainly takes two forms based on the direction of flow of information in the organisation. They include vertical and horizontal communication. Vertical communication takes two forms, which is defined by the downward flow of information from the management to the subordinates, mainly in the form of directives and instructions, and upward communication which exemplifies the flow of information in the form of feedback and requests from the subordinates to their supervisors and managers. Horizontal communication on the other hand is the conveyance of information between employees at the same level in the organisation e.g. departmental heads and same level managers or even the lowest level of employees. The main focus of this paper however, will be on the ‘employee to employee’ communication within the organisation and its effectiveness. Generally, employee communication inter se can either be formal or informal. Formal communication involves transmission of information in an official capacity, mainly written or documented within the employees of the organisation while informal or grapevine communication involves the exchange of information between the employees on an unofficial capacity and they do not need to follow proper channels in relaying information on the grapevine. Communication between employees is also a key pillar in the success of an organisation even though most organisations pay little attention to it. Research conducted over the years in many organisations has shown that peer communication and relations between employees can be of great source of employee motivation, can alleviate job-related stress and hence worth reducing the levels of job satisfacti on and employee turnover. It is hence key for the management of the

Reaction paper on David Cole Interviews Dr. Franciscek Piper Essay

Reaction paper on David Cole Interviews Dr. Franciscek Piper - Essay Example Cole did a very good job doing his researches and finding the ‘right people’ to speak with in his documentary however, there are some points that could be brought into question. First, Cole seemed to have already made up his conclusions that the holocaust stories published and witnessed by survivors are not true. From his introductions about himself, he seemed to have gone to the concentration camps not to find proofs of what really happened but he went there to find proofs that will support his ideas and beliefs about the Holocaust. Secondly, he mentioned Dr. Piper to have studied her spiel to be able to work there saying, â€Å"Dr. Piper only repeats what she has been told†. How could one stand on the words of a person who has been taught what to say or not to say? I do not think the documentary would even be acceptable as a piece of informative record. The argument about Cole’s intentions in making the interview and video and the words of his interviewee are both questionable so I do not think the video qualifies as a reliable source of

African-American Lynch Mob Essay Example for Free

African-American Lynch Mob Essay Author David Horowitz has written an article called African-American Lynch Mob. In the article Mr. Horowitz is expressing his frustration with the way African –American civil rights leaders, namely Reverend Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton are inciting a lynch mob mentality in regards to the death of Trayvon Martin. Trayvon Martin, who was a 17 year old African-American male, was shot to death by George Zimmerman who happens to be Hispanic. Mr. Horowitz believes that the lynch mob racist, Reverend Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton are leading the way for the African-American community to insinuate that George Zimmerman is a racist without any facts. First I take issue with Mr. Horowitz fallacy calling Reverend Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton racist. Is it racist for an individual or group to stand up and fight against inequality and injustices? For many decades Reverend Jackson and Reverend Sharpton have helped those African-Americans who could not help themselves when the odds were stacked against them; providing a strong voice for the law and lawmakers to listen to, when the voices of the African-American citizens were not heard. Doing this does not make one a racist. As mentioned previously, Mr. Horowitz states that Mr. Zimmerman is being labeled a racist without any facts; this is a fallacy and not exactly true. Recently audio has been discovered that has Mr. Zimmerman’s making racial slurs, along with eyewitnesses stating that they personally heard him making racial slurs. The impending investigation will prove whether Mr. Zimmerman is a racist or not; however even in this early stage, investigator will have enough reasons to not rule out the cause of death by race crime. Mr. Horowitz belief that the evidence is irrelevant to the so call lynch mob is unfounded. The African-American protesters are only protesting because they believe there is enough evidence to warrant an arrest of Mr. Zimmerman. However, instead of being arrest Mr. Zimmerman is walking free. Mr. Horowitz calls the display of racial outrage over this case a national disgrace, and I disagree with that statement. The display of racial outrage over this case is not a national disgrace; the fact that African-Americans still have to protest because of injustice is a national disgrace. As I concluded the article it was pretty evident that Mr. Horowitz view point was a bit slighted. It seems to me that the views he has taken are based on his dislike for Reverend Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton, and their way of obtaining justice for those who they lead and represent. Mr. Horowitz dislike for both of the reverends probably goes a long way back, and because of this, any point that he makes in regards to these two reverends should be taken with a grain of salt.

Dale Earnhardt and Stock Car Racing Essay -- Stock Car Racing Dale Ear

Dale Earnhardt and Stock Car Racing Over 50 years ago a new sport was introduced. This sport was stock car racing. The organization that sponsors stock car racing is known as National Association of Stock Car Racing, NASCAR. The driver that is identifiable with NASCAR is definitely Dale Earnhardt. Over the years there have been many great stock car racers from Cale Yarborough to Richard Petty and Davy Allison, but no other name was better known than Dale Earnhardt. Whether on the track or in the crowds, there is no possible way a person can look without seeing a black number three or some other Earnhardt insignia. In first or last place, victory circle or behind the wall, the black GM Goodwrench Chevrolet could not be deprived of its respect. Who would have ever guessed that the legendary Dale Earnhardt’s life would be taken from him on the last lap of the biggest race of 2001? Dale Earnhardt was born on April 29, 1952. He was raised in Kannapolis North Carolina. Dale started racing at age twelve and won his first race at age fifteen. After winning his first race Dale decided that this was what he wanted to do as a career. Dale dropped out of high school in the ninth grade. Dale’s parents did everything they could to try to keep him in school but they were unable to. Earnhardt would soon find out just how hard it would be on him and his future career though. Dale Earnhardt came from a family of stock car racers. Dale’s father being a racer himself knew how hard it was to start racing. That is the main reason he tried to keep Dale from dropping out of high school to race. â€Å" They even offered Dale a new car to keep him in high school.† (1:72) Dale Earnhardt’s grandfather was also a racer. Dale was not very close to him though. â€Å"In an interview Earnhardt said that he regretted not knowing his grandfather very well. Earnhardt also mentioned the fact that his actions as a kid were embarrassing to him now.†(1:73) Being one of the most dominant drivers on the track, Dale quickly earned the nickname the Intimidator. Dale won his first Winston Cup championship in 1980. After his first Winston Cup championship Dale went on to earn 6 more championships to tie Richard Petty with 7 victories. The nickname Intimidator fit Dale very well. â€Å"He was known for causing wrecks to move himself up in the race.† (1:73) After several complaints from other drivers... ....†(6:1). Nobody can truly say what exactly happened that day and who knows if NASCAR will tell the truth in August but at least we will be closer to an answer than we are now. Earnhardt is the driver, the reason, and the person that made NASCAR is what it is today. Darrel Waltrip said it best when he said, â€Å"We have lost the best thing that ever happened to NASCAR†(6:1). As a renegade teenager or even a little fearsome racer, Earnhardt was the man who always came through. The legacy will be passed on through Dale Jr. and the Earnhardt name will be respected for the years to come. Sure NASCAR will get over this tragedy in time, but there will always be some trace of Intimidator, Dale Earnhardt. Works Cited 1. Pare, Michael A. Sports Stars, Detroit/ Michigan: U-X-O Publishing Co. 1998. 2. Bondi, Victor. American Decades 1980-1989, Detroit/Michigan: Gale Research Inc. 1996 3. Dodge, Herb. â€Å" We’ve Lost Dale Earnhardt,† Speedway Illustrated, (April 21, 2001) pgs. 72-85. 4. Bartlett, Jeff. â€Å"Circuit Breaker,† The End of an Era, (April 16, 2001) pgs. 2-5. 5. â€Å"Dale Earnhardt† www.daleearnhardt.com, online February 21, 2001. 6. â€Å"Dale† www.NASCAR.com, online February 21, 2001.

Wal-Mart Effects the Economy

Jim Lee Eng 101: Reames December 2, 2010 Wal-Mart Greatly Impacts the U. S. Economy Is Wal-Mart ruining the local businesses in America? Most professional business men can agree that Wal-Mart affects the United States economy in many different ways. Wal-Mart is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world's largest public corporation by revenue according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500. However this corporation has contraverisal issues about how they do their sales and the long term affects they put in the economy.Professionals will agree that Wal-Mart has hurt many community businesses as Wal-Mart open in areas around them. There have been common statistics for when a Wal-Mart opens and the affect they have. This paper focuses on the affect Wal-Mart has in rural areas and the views of professionals intake on this topic. Also this paper will feature how Wal-Mart will affect our feature. The target audience for this paper is peo ple who are interested in the learning of the affects of large corporations vs small businesses.When analyzing the affects of Wal-Mart many researchers will agree with the fact that small businesses lose revenue when big corporation buy for low and sell also low to beat the competition. Stone (1997) states that â€Å"Studies in Iowa have shown that some small towns lose up to 47 percent of their retail trade after 10 years of Wal-Mart stores nearby† (Pg. 2). That is a big statistic to take in as the community will suffer from a high loss of the money for the community.Also the small business helps keep the economy in flow and when small businesses start to fail, people start losing jobs and people will move out of communities which hurts the communities. Stone (1997) comments that â€Å"It is believed that this decline in sales happened because Wal-Mart placed its own stores too close together, causing a predatory effect† (Pg. 6). This statement is true because Wal-Mar t uses the predatory effect to drive competitors out of business. The predatory effect is the practice of selling products and services at a very low price intending to drive competitors out of business.That is how Wal-Mart has been dominant because of their ability to sell prices so low to attract consumers to continue to shop at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart can do this because by attracting consumers to buy certain products at a lower price that other products are raised in value and consumers will shop throughout the store. The key is to get consumers to come to your business and Wal-Mart has almost perfected that. Overall Stone would agree with the idea of Wal-Mart is ruining the local businesses around America as Wal-Mart has become a fully national chain.Understanding this topic would be important because it can tell what we will see in the future of the economy. Many would agree with Stone like Goetz and Swaminathan with the fact Wal-Mart has effects in local communities. Goetz and Swa minathan (2004) states that â€Å"We offer three possible explanations for this finding, including that Wal-Mart stores destroy civic capacity in the communities in which they locate by driving out local entrepreneurs and community leaders† (Pg. 2). This statement connects with Stone as well as my point of view of this topic.Wal-Mart has downgrade the middle class economy with their style of retail sales and buying cheap products over seas. Goetz and Swaminathan (2004) quotes that â€Å"Local leaders and academic researchers are increasingly interested in the community-level effects of â€Å"big box† retailers and discount department stores† (Pg. 3). This has potential to have a positive outcome because America will realize that Wal-Mart has affected the United States so greatly that the government needs to step in and control how Wal-Mart conducts business.Wal-Mart has received considerable and mostly negative recent public media and Congressional attention, in addition to spawning a number of hostile web-sites as Goetz and Swaminathan (2004) reports (Pg. 3). It is good that people are realizing this and speaking out about this effect on our economy. This will get this phenomenon brought up to the government level and will be talked about to high levels of authority. Goetz and Swaminathan are professionals that agree with my idea of local businesses being destroyed by Wal-Mart.Common views of professionals will agree that our economy is partly affected by the Wal-Mart effect. Neumark, Zhang, and Ciccarella (2005) will agree with Stone, Goetz, and Swaminathan by saying that â€Å"We estimate the effects of Wal-Mart stores on county-level employment and earnings, accounting for endogeneity of the location and timing of Wal-Mart openings that most likely biases the evidence against finding adverse effects of Wal-Mart stores† (Pg. 1). This is another common aspect of all these professionals with the idea that there is a negative effect behind the openings of Wal-Mart.All of the effects found are common as they reduce local businesses around new Wal-Marts. Neumark, Zhang, and Ciccarella (2005) quotes â€Å" Yet two of the most commonly-heard criticisms are that Wal-Mart eliminates more jobs than it creates for a community and that Wal-Mart’s wage levels pull down standards for all workers—not simply creating low-wage jobs, but driving down wages† (Pg. 1). Not only is the Wal-Mart effect destroying the local businesses, Wal-Mart does not help create more jobs for the jobs it loses in the community.Also Wal-Mart does not pay its workers a good wage. That can greatly affect a community because the citizens within that community will not have money to buy products, keeping the flow of the economy going. Neumark, Zhang, and Ciccarella (2005) also agrees on my idea of the topic of Wal-Mart by stating â€Å"There is also an academic literature on the impact of Wal-Mart stores, focusing on the effect s of Wal-Mart openings on local employment, retail prices and sales, poverty rates, and the concentration of the retailing industry, as well as the impact on existing businesses† (Pg. ). They are basically stating that Wal-Mart impacts many aspects of the economy because of how Wal-Mart conducts business. Also that the impacts are not in positive ways in which they should be when new competition arises. The fact that Wal-Mart beats out its competitors really easy is a scary weapon that Wal-Mart can abuse. In which they have abuse their power to buy bulk supplies by demanding the prices of whom they buy from instead of negoicating. Neumark, Zhang, and Ciccarella can all agree that Wal-Mart is ruining the local businesses in America.Furthermore into this topic, most professionals will all conform that Wal-Mart affects the economy in more negative ways then positive. Arindraji, William, and Barry (2007) states that â€Å"estimates that exploit the spatial diffusion of Wal-Mart s tores find that a single Wal-Mart store opening reduces the average retail earnings in a county by 0. 5 – 0. 9 percent† (Pg. 4). This is not good for any economy that when a new business is open that the average retail earning is lowered instead of increased. This just means that when Wal-Mart opens it loses more of its competitor retailers then what Wal-Mart gains.Ten new Wal-Mart stores in a state are found to reduce the average hourly wage of retail workers by around 2 percent as purpose by Arindraji, William, and Barry (Pg. 4). Wal-Mart should be able to pay their workers better if they are finacnically doing well as they are ranked number one in the Fortune 500 list. They are the number one ranked corporation and they do not pay their employers above the average. Wal-Mart has been making money other then the products and services they provide. As Wal-Mart can see that they can pay their workers the minimum wage and get away with it, while making billions of dollars world wide.Arindraji, William, and Barry will confirm that Wal-Mart has been greatly impacting the economies in the where abouts they consult business. Wal-Mart has been overly competitive with the prices they put on the products and drive competition out of business. In the Lansing State Journal, Domsic reports that â€Å"The recent closings of three locally owned grocery stores reflect a traditional grocery sector struggling to compete with big-box stores and the growing number of pharmacies, convenience stores and other shops that have added more food to their lineups. The big box stores they are talking about are Wal-Mart, Meijers, and Kroger. Those stores have been competing with each other to cut prices really low, beating out the other local businesses. Competition is good but what happens when there is no competition? Then those who have beat out the other competition will have a garentee chance to always survive in the economy and basically take all the consumers in the a rea. Domsic also comments â€Å"bigger players have beefed up their food lines or cut prices as they vie for Lansing-area shoppers. The bigger players are the Wal-Mart, Meijer, and Kroger and they are competing fiercely for consumers. Even though competition is good, it is bad when some of the competition disappears from the market. Although there are many cons of Wal-Mart, Wal-Mart has many benefits as they provide low costs of products they sell. Irwin (2007) reports that â€Å"Wal-Mart’s food prices are estimated to be 8% to 27% lower than large supermarket chains for an identical market basket across different U. S. metro areas† (Pg. 1). This is a benefit for the lower and middle class to try and save money in these rough times in the United States.That is why consumers are attracted to shop at Wal-Mart because you can save money and be able to buy other things. Irwin expresses this benefit as â€Å"This has generated tremendous savings for Wal-Mart consumers by offering lower priced goods in the community, and generating competition among retailers† (Pg. 1). Wal-Mart creates unbelievable savings for its consumers therefore keeps the competition alive for Wal-Mart's competitors. Also that competition is very good for the economy in the United States. Those are some ways that Wal-Mart impacts the business industry in positive ways.Those are not just the ways that Wal-Mart has benefited America. Wal-Mart has helped personal income and employment. Riper (2008) quotes â€Å"The study shows that between 1985 and 2003, personal income, overall employment and retail employment grew faster in counties with a Wal-Mart than in those without one. † This means that the more Wal-Mart is built around the United States and other countries that it will benefit income of people and help raise employment in the area. That is a good because then people would have more money to help keep that economic flow in communities going.Also the rise in emp loyment will improve the surrounding unemployment of the location Wal-Mart is around. Nearly 90% of the U. S. population lives within 15 miles of a Wal-Mart store, and two-thirds of all retailers are located within five miles of one as Riper reports. That means a vast majority of America is surrounded by a Wal-Mart close by. This is good for Wal-Mart as they can be easily located and can be accessible to almost anyone. Wal-Mart is everywhere and that is a huge benefit Wal-Mart has over its competitors.Wal-Mart has brought up some good positive impacts as there are aproximatly 3,600 Wal-Marts in the United States. One of the impacts is the amount of jobs each Wal-Mart creates as Wal-Mart's site cites â€Å"Approximately 350 new positions will be needed at the store (a majority of those positions will be full time). An additional 100 construction jobs will be created. † That means there are 1. 26 million jobs in America that are in the Wal-Mart industry. Also that 360,000 const ruction jobs was created for the building of Wal-Mart.As long as Wal-Mart is doing well with profits, they will continue to expand new Wal-Marts. This will mean more jobs in America. Another good impact Wal-Mart has is how they provide savings to consumers as the Wal-Mart site reports â€Å"Studies have shown that Walmart stores save the average household $3,406. 00 a year. Customers can purchase over 300 generic pharmaceutical drugs for just $4. 00 or less. † The amount you save at Wal-Mart builds up as you can see. That helps citizens save money if there income is sufficiently low or on certain budgets.Not only do Wal-Mart provide savings for its consumers and employment, Wal-Mart has been involved in the environment by stating that â€Å"Wal-mart is leading a global sustainability effort to reduce energy consumption through a variety of initiatives that will also be used at this store. The store will purchase a number of grocery and garden products locally to save energy costs and support the local economy. † That helps Wal-Mart with its community respect to be involve and not just a average corporation that does not care about the itself.Also this tells that Wal-Mart cares about the environment and not just making profits. Overall, Wal-Mart is a benefit to the American economy. Wal-Mart has not been selfish at all in communities like Landover Hills. Wal-Mart has started up a program to help local businesses. Mui reports that â€Å"Wal-Mart said it would offer free advertising to local stores and seminars on how to do business and even compete with Wal-Mart. † This is something that is rarely done in the business world. A competitor helping another competitor out.This would help competition around the area and benefit the local stores into competing with Wal-Mart. Many people think having Wal-Mart around is a benefit. Mui quotes â€Å"Other store owners credit Wal-Mart for boosting their sales, through both its proximity and community outreach programs. † Local businessmen are claiming that having a Wal-Mart around is a benefit. Somehow Wal-Mart has continue to benefit some people while some others do not believe so. Wal-Mart has brought up many views on how they affect the competition and how the employment is affect in several different ways.My opinion on Wal-Mart is that Wal-Mart is destroying the American middle class slowly every year. Wal-Mart closes individual business owners and reduces competition in which an economy like America, competition keeps the economy in steady flow. Also that they are like a monopoly to me. Wal-Mart is not just a discount retail store. They provide all sorts of different services like eye examinations, haircuts, predacures, and they can provide and activate cell phones on the Wal-Mart plan. Wal-Mart is exploring all markets and providing them into their own stores.That is not a good impact because Wal-Mart already dominates in the retail store and driving other retail sto res and local businesses out of work, so providing these services just keeps Wal-Mart in benefits from those services. I believe that the government needs to take a bigger stand on what Wal-Mart can do because Wal-Mart has been changing so rapidly and dominating any corporation out there, that the government should regulate how they buy supplies. Wal-Mart buys most of their products for their shelves from China for low prices.Thus, making a lot of job losses in America. How can an American corporation do this to America? Wal-Mart also does not have health benefits for its workers and Wal-Mart pays low wages for its workers. That does not help out the working class of the United States. Our economy is not doing so well right now as we are in debt from war. Wal-Mart should help stable the economy since they done some damage to the United States in ways the Founder of Wal-Mart should have knowledge about and try to find new ways to conduct business.

Jewish resistance through music during the holocaust Essay

The Holocaust refers to the grim period of human history when about six million Jews and millions of other groups such as Soviets, Romani, and Poles in Europe were murdered systematically by Nazi Germans. The genocide was Germany’s â€Å"final solution† to the Jewish question which is what to do with the race of people who supposedly caused all the ills of Germany. Men, women, children, and the elderly were murdered using gas chambers in extermination camps in Auschwitz and other places. Jews however, did not easily succumb to the force upon them. They resisted through various ways, such as extermination camp breakouts and art. Jewish music stands out among all forms of resistance against the inhuman brutality of Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Music served two main purposes for Jews during the time of mass exterminations. On the one hand, Jewish songs in the ghettos and elsewhere expressed their anguish and agony. Words were simply not enough to describe the pain, fear and darkness all around them. On the other hand though, music also uplifted the spirits of Jews. When the Nazis were trying to take away their humanity, the Jews affirmed it through optimistic music. In a way, music became life itself for Jews and other oppressed groups. Like other forms of art, music has the ability to evoke images and feelings in the listeners’ minds. For this reason, music was a convenient way to express the shared sentiments of Jews being murdered. Much of Jewish music ran counter to Nazi culture as Nazis viewed many modern forms of art, including jazz, as degenerate. Nazis forced Jews in concentration camps to make music for them, even commanding them to form orchestras for their entertainment. Jews continued to make music in the ghettos, however. They held concerts, staged operas, and performed many musical works to express their resistance against the Nazis and the sadness of their fate. During the German occupation, the music that surrounded Jews was not restricted to Wagnerian types which influenced Adolf Hitler. Nazis were quick to suppress classical works by Mahler and Mendelssohn because they were Jewish. In 1933, when Nazis started to take power, the Reich Music Office dismissed professional musicians of Jewish origins. John Felstiner, professor of Jewish studies and English at Stanford University, considers Jewish music at the time of the Holocaust as a type of resistance even though it is not done â€Å"physically,† such as ghetto uprisings. Jews performed and appreciated their own music at their lives risk’. Felstiner felt that the music that emerged was consequently free and seemed to have a different feel than poems and diary entries. Different kinds of music resulted from the dangerous situations Jews produced these forms of art. Examples of these are Handel’s â€Å"Judas Maccabeus,† Verdi’s â€Å"Requiem,† bitter songs in the ghettos, and humorous satires composed of old tunes and new lyrics. A friend of his in Auschwitz composed a song with her friends in Hungrian set to the tune of Hatikvah, Israel’s national anthem. Felstiner thought that the song sustained his friend during her stay in the concentration camp. The Gestapo, the secret police of Nazi Germany, turned Terezin, a town in the Czech Republic, into a ghetto for Jews coming from Czechoslovakia, Germany, Denmark, Austria, and the Netherlands. While the place wasn’t an extermination camp, thousands of Jews still died there because of appalling conditions. During this period, a Czech Jewish composer by the name of Gideon Klein intensified his activity when he was sent to the town. He ran numerous classes for children, organized and performed concerts, and composed music Jewish music. According to Felstiner, one of Klein’s listeners remembered him playing so beautifully that they couldn’t help but let tears stream down their cheeks. At another event, Klein organized a very simple attic concert with three chairs for the string trio. Despite the simplicity of the concert however, the audience was very still while listening to the music. People guarded the steps into the attic and someone kept lookout from the window. Klein’s listener described these musical performances as â€Å"spiritual nourishment† and thought they made them forget their misery and hunger and long for more performances. For Klein and other artists however, concerts like this are an act of rebellion against the Nazi Germans. Gideon Klein was very influential to ghetto residents during his stay in Terezin. As evidence, a teenager wrote a striking poem about him entitled â€Å"Concert in the Old School Garret† depicting his ardent desire to express resistance through his music. Klein’s wonderful largo was formed through the variations of his favorite Moravian folk song her nanny sang to him when he was young. He was not able to perform the song himself in Terezin however, although the score survived. Nine days after he composed the song in September 1944, he was sent to the concentration camp at Auschwitz. According to drawings of Charlotte Buresova and Petr Kien, visual artists at Terezin during the same period of time, Klein’s face showed clear resistance against the brutal Final Solution of Nazis. Holocaust songs are different from ordinary forms of communication produced during the period because they elevated speech to transcendent levels. Songs written and sang by Jews contained the culture that defined their oppressed communities. Human values can be expressed in the abstract through music. Thus, in an inhuman environment such as the Nazi Germans constructed for Jews and other oppressed groups, singing their own songs was equivalent to crying for recognition as fellow human beings. Songs have a humanizing effect on singers and listeners. Survivors of the Holocaust consider this effect the essential value of singing Jewish songs. Singing at this time was therefore an act of creation and was very important amidst the horrible conditions of ghetto life. Jews asserted their freedom and human life by singing their own songs in the ghetto, which clearly makes the activity an act of resistance against the systematic dehumanization of their race by the oppressors. Ghetto songs symbolized the struggle for survival of Jews. They were the musical representations of life surviving under the harshest of conditions, and not death. For survivors of the mass exterminations and forced labor, Jewish music was beyond ordinary language. It represented the only truth of their life in the ghettos and told the story of their long and hard spiritual resistance. Nazis though, was also aware of the power of music in defining what’s culturally right or reasonable. As soon as the Nazis took power, they limited the activity of Jewish musicians and aired their propaganda through their own songs. Music was used to establish an atmosphere which permitted mass murder since it was seen as a patriotic duty and its victims were subhuman. Nazi music proliferated the streets and the radio waves and even made its way into concentration camps. Initially during the Holocaust, at the arrival depots for captured Jews, they were questioned regarding their musical abilities. People were sorted out into those who could sing or play music and those who couldn’t. Those who could were commanded to perform propaganda music for Nazis before they were sent away to be gassed, incinerated, or tortured. At Auschwitz, the largest extermination camp in history, an all-female orchestra was formed for the entertainment of Nazis. Members of the orchestra were constantly replaced because the women regularly died of starvation, disease or were murdered. At Terezin, before Nazis completely sent the ghetto residents to the extermination camps, Jews continued to produce their music for the people. Ordinary people and artists defied the regime by singing their songs and make their music. They also gathered strength to live for another day by immersing themselves in the operas and concerts that organizers arranged. Josef Bor, a Czechoslovakian Jew, who was imprisoned with his family at Terezin remembered how his fellow Jews proudly sang to their deaths in the face of Nazis. In a concentration camp, inmates sang Verdi’s â€Å"Requiem† passionately in front of SS troops and Adolf Eichmann, the supposed architect of the Holocaust. Eichmann was amused by the performance of the Jews, but the inmates themselves were beyond Eichmann’s twisted humor. According to Bor, the inmates found liberation from exhaustion, terror, and provocation through the power of music. At their performance, the inmates sang with all their strength the words â€Å"Free me, God, from eternal death† in the faces of their murderers. Many musical works have been recovered since the end of World War II. Scores from musicians such as Gideon Klein, Pavel Haar, Hans Krasa, and Viktor Ullman were discovered by researchers. These musicians had notable musical careers even before the Nazis took power and they continued to make music later to express resistance. Ullman was a pupil of Arnold Schoenberg, the famous Austrian composer. Two operas are particularly significant in defining this period of time: â€Å"Brundibar† by Hans Krasa and Adolf Hoffmeister and â€Å"Der Kaiser von Atlantis, oder Tod dank tab† (The emperor of Atlantis or death abdicates) by Ullman and Peter Kien. All of these talented musicians perished in the extermination camp at Auschwitz in 1944. Their works have since been performed in Israel, the United States, England, Czechoslovakia, and Holland. Other vocal and instrumental selections were also gathered from manuscripts found at the camp in Terezin, many of them written anonymously. Holocaust memorials and Israeli libraries have many of these creations, especially of notable of musicians such as Ilse Weber. Weber was an educator and singer who composed and sang songs to children while she was at Terezin. Unfortunately, Weber along with other Jews, were also transported to Auschwitz and gassed. Today, Holocaust commemorations usually include music produced depicting the struggle for survival of Jews at the time. Examples of this type of music is Max Bruch’s â€Å"Kol Nidre,† an interpretation of a Jewish prayer that opens evening services on Yom Kippur, and Leonard Bernstein’s â€Å"Kaddish† an interpretation of the Jewish prayer for the dead. Other pieces worth considering are Steve Reich’s music in â€Å"Different Trains,† Henryk Gorecki’s â€Å"Third Symphony,† Dmitry Shostakovich’s â€Å"Thirteenth Symphony,† and Arnold Schoenberg’s â€Å"A Survivor from Warsaw. † Music, the universal language of human beings, is indeed a powerful tool of resistance. Through its ability to express the humanity of performers, singers, and listeners, Jews made use of music to highlight the inhuman Nazi force that oppressed them. As long as they could make their own music which reflected their culture, suffering, and hopes, Jews refused to be the subhuman creatures which their oppressors wanted them to be. While music will never be a physical form of resistance against unjust forces in society, its unique power to condition the minds of people will always be as potent as ever. Music contains the truth of the lives people live and is therefore a slap on the face of forces that seek to erase people’s humanity. BIBLIOGRAPHY Berger, Ronald J. Fathoming the Holocaust: a social problems approach. Piscataway: Aldine Transaction, 2002. Flam, Gila. Singing for Survival: Songs of the Lodz Ghetto, 1940-45. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1992. Gilbert, Shirli. Music in the Holocaust: Confronting Life in the Nazi Ghettos and Camps. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Heskes, Irene. Passport to Jewish music: its history, traditions, and culture. Abingdon: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994. Roth, John K. Holocaust Politics. Dallas: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001. Rubenstein, Richard L. and John K. Roth, Approaches to Auschwitz: the Holocaust and its legacy. Dallas: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003. Signer, Michael Alan. Humanity at the limit: the impact of the Holocaust experience on Jews and Christians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.

Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Example

Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Example Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Off-Campus Executive Summary The key to a firm’s success is its fit between the organization and its environment. We study Porter’s Five Forces and Porter’s Value Chain activities for Honda’s strategic planners to analyse the organisation’s role in itself and how it copes with the environment. The strategic planner’s role is to forecast and direct the organisation into future strategies. Honda’s market positioning faces many challenges for example, the company’s core competencies in engine design and its engineers’ pursuit of technological mastery are not in accordance with market demand. onda’s positioning is not moving beyond the conservative Civic and Accord models, despite attempts to come up with other innovative cars. How the global automobile industry configures its activities across borders is largely dependent on how it deals with the opposite demands of global integration of activities and handles deman d for local responsiveness. Prof. Whittington’s Classical and Processual Schools of Thought identifies with how differently strategies are developed. On one hand, strategic managers would like to forecast the future and to orchestrate plans to prepare for it. On the other hand, experimentation, learning and flexibility are required to deal with unexpected future events. The two model are applied on Honda Motors and we analyse which one is more suitable for Honda Motors. Global strategic management is conducted by managers all over the world. Its success depends on clear communication and understanding between them. The cultural dimensions are discussed from five aspects. They are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long term/short term orientation. In the systemic perspective, the international strategic manager at Honda Motors will take into account the cultural dimension in building productive relationships. Table of Contents Individual Assignment Case Study – Reconciling Managerial Dichotomies @ Honda Motors in De Wit Meyer (2004:671) â€Å"Structural transformation through E-Business† Module Leader: Dr. Augustus Osseo-Asare Submission Date: Monday, 10th January 2011 Word Count: 3,000 words SIM336 Strategic Management Sunderland Business School

Bioavailability And Bioequivalence Studies

Bioavailability And Bioequivalence Studies Each year so many drugs loss their patent protection and opens the door for the generic alternatives. In this way Bioavailability and Bioequivalence studies becomes most important. Bioavailability is defined as â€Å"The rate and extent to which the active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action.† Bioavailability can be generally documented by a systematic exposure profile obtained by measuring drug and/metabolite concentration in the systemic circulation over a particular time period. Scope of Bioavailability studies: Development of new formulations of the already existing drugs. Determination of effect of excipients, patient related factors and possible drug To ensure the of quality of a drug product during the early stages of marketing in order to determine the influence of manufacturing factors, storage and stability factors on drug absorption. The systemic exposure profile of drug or metabolite obtained by measuring concentratio n in the systemic circulation over a particular time period during clinical trials in the early stages of drug development can serve as a benchmark for subsequent bioequivalence studies. Bioequivalence is a relative term which shows the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient becomes available at the site of drug action when two or more identical dosage forms administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions. Bioequivalence mainly focus release of drug substances from its dosage forms and subsequent absorption into the systemic circulation i.e. test dose plasma concentration-time will be identical with reference dose plasma concentration-time without showing any significant statistical differences ,then test dosage form will consider as therapeutically equivalent to the reference dosage form . Scope of Bioequivalence studies: To establish relativity between different formulations used during the development of a new produc t. The therapeutic equivalence of a generic product and the reference product can be demonstrated. Development of a modified release form of a product which has already approved as an immediate release formulation. Development of alternative salt form for pharmaceutically equivalent drugs. Bioequivalence studies are designed to establish equivalence between the test and reference products. If test and reference products are found to be bioequivalent,by this one can expect that the test product will also be therapeutically effective. Bioanalytical method validation includes all of the procedures that demonstrate that a particular method used for quantitative measurement of analytes in a given biological matrix, such as blood, plasma, serum or urine is reliable and reproducible for the intended use. Bioanalytical method validation parameters: Accuracy Precision Selectivity Sensitivity Reproducibility Stability Validation documentation is done, by using specific laboratory investigatio ns ,which ensures that the performance characteristics of the method is suitable for the intended analytical use. The analytical method is applicable only when the validation parameters are in acceptable range. Types of validation: A. Full Validation Developing and implementing a bioanalytical method for the first time. Full validation is required for a new drug entity. If metabolites are added to an existing assay for quantification full validation is required. B. Partial Validation:

A report for Real Coffee LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A report for Real Coffee LTD - Essay Example This paper aims to present the challenges that Real Coffee Ltd, a family business in Oxfordshire, has to face in order to secure its growth in the long term. Keeping its products at high quality and emphasizing on the quality of customer services have been considered as strategic priorities in Real Coffee Ltd. However, through the years the increase of competition has led to the need for the introduction of certain changes especially in regard to specific parts of the business, such as HR and marketing. These changes could be successfully implemented only if they were appropriately designed and supported by all members of the business. The trends that characterize the coffee shop industry in UK should be taken into consideration when developing such plan. The potential need of a transition period for alternating the existing strategy of the business should not be an obstacle for promoting change in Real Coffee Ltd. since the expected benefits would be significantly higher than the co sts and the risk involved. Part 1 – External Analysis 1.1 Analysis of the macro environment Social The high percentage of population in UK is between 25 and 54 years old (Index Mundi 2013); the specific part of the population represents the 41.2% of the country’s population. ... On the other hand, the rate of ageing of population in Britain is quite high. According to a recent report, during the last two decades the number of people under 65 in Britain has been significantly increased reaching today the 5 million (Independent 2013); existing trends showing the rapid ageing of Britain’s population, a phenomenon that is expected to be continued, at least in the near future (Independent 2013). Economic The economy of UK seems to keep its strength, despite pressures in markets worldwide. Indeed, from July to September of this year an increase of the country’s economic performance by 0.8% was reported, a fact that allows businesses across UK to make plans for growth (BBC News 2013). The above growth was combined with an increase of GDP in UK; this increase was estimated to 0.7%, for the period between April and June 2013 (BBC News 2013). Even if this growth was limited it, still, shows the potential of UK economy to secure its performance even durin g periods of global financial crisis. Indeed, during the third quarter of 2013 a further increase of UK’s GDP was achieved; the increase was estimated at 0.80% and indicates the stable growth of UK economy, a growth that is highly based on the development of the services sector which represents the 75% of the country’s economy (Trading Economics 2013). 1.2 Industry Analysis In order to understand the potentials of Real Coffee Ltd to achieve a stable growth it would be necessary to refer to the performance of coffee shops industry, as this performance is affected by the industry’s competitive forces. The coffee shops industry can be characterized as a key part of UK market; in fact, in 2012 the industry’s performance